Summary information for locus 2431DC

202 species found for locus = 2431DC
Date filter: none

Records for 2431DC


# Species
code
Family Scientific name Common name Red list
category
Number of
QDSs
Number of
records
Last recorded Records link

1 161 Accipitridae Accipiter badius Shikra (Little Banded Goshawk) 1 1 2019-05-11 Records
2 160 Accipitridae Accipiter tachiro African Goshawk (incl. Red-chested) 1 2 2023-04-28 Records
3 136 Accipitridae Aquila pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle 1 1 2013-02-18 Records
4 134 Accipitridae Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle Global: LC; BLSA: EN 1 10 2023-08-17 Records
5 141 Accipitridae Aquila spilogaster African Hawk Eagle 1 5 2022-04-25 Records
6 137 Accipitridae Aquila wahlbergi Wahlberg's Eagle 1 6 2022-02-10 Records
7 154 Accipitridae Buteo buteo Steppe (Common) Buzzard 1 2 2022-02-10 Records
8 145 Accipitridae Circaetus cinereus Brown Snake-Eagle 1 12 2023-10-18 Records
9 146 Accipitridae Circaetus [gallicus] pectoralis Black-chested (Breasted) Snake-Eagle 1 1 2020-11-21 Records
10 130 Accipitridae Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered (Winged) Kite 1 3 2023-04-22 Records
11 107 Accipitridae Gyps africanus White-backed Vulture Global: CR; BLSA: CR 1 25 2022-07-18 Records
12 106 Accipitridae Gyps coprotheres Cape Vulture (Griffon) Global: EN; BLSA: EN 1 1 2017-04-06 Records
13 149 Accipitridae Haliaeetus vocifer African Fish-Eagle 1 17 2024-04-18 Records
14 144 Accipitridae Kaupifalco monogrammicus Lizard Buzzard 1 4 2023-04-28 Records
15 129 Accipitridae Milvus aegyptius Yellow-billed Kite 1 8 2022-02-10 Records
16 110 Accipitridae Necrosyrtes monachus Hooded Vulture Global: CR; BLSA: CR 1 12 2022-07-18 Records
17 142 Accipitridae Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle Global: VU; BLSA: EN 1 9 2024-01-10 Records
18 171 Accipitridae Polyboroides typus African Harrier-Hawk (Gymnogene) 1 4 2023-04-28 Records
19 151 Accipitridae Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur Global: NT; BLSA: EN 1 13 2022-07-18 Records
20 108 Accipitridae Torgos tracheliotus Lappet-faced Vulture 1 1 2021-05-24 Records
21 109 Accipitridae Trigonoceps occipitalis White-headed Vulture Global: CR; BLSA: CR 1 6 2023-04-28 Records
22 460 Alaudidae Calendulauda sabota Sabota Lark 1 2 2021-11-07 Records
23 397 Alcedinidae Alcedo cristata Malachite Kingfisher 1 6 2024-07-13 Records
24 89 Anatidae Alopochen aegyptiaca Egyptian Goose Least Concern (IUCN, 2018) 1 4 2021-05-24 Records
25 95 Anatidae Anas sparsa African Black Duck 1 2 2021-11-07 Records
26 91 Anatidae Sarkidiornis melanotos Knob-billed Duck 1 3 2020-11-20 Records
27 52 Anhingidae Anhinga rufa African Darter 1 6 2021-08-31 Records
28 383 Apodidae Apus caffer White-rumped Swift 1 1 2012-01-23 Records
29 54 Ardeidae Ardea cinerea Grey Heron 1 10 2024-04-18 Records
30 56 Ardeidae Ardea goliath Goliath Heron 1 10 2021-05-24 Records
31 62 Ardeidae Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron 1 6 2024-04-18 Records
32 61 Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret 1 1 2017-04-07 Records
33 63 Ardeidae Butorides striatus Green-backed (Striated) Heron 1 28 2024-04-18 Records
34 58 Ardeidae Egretta alba Great Egret 1 5 2022-08-07 Records
35 59 Ardeidae Egretta garzetta Little Egret 1 4 2021-11-07 Records
36 70 Ardeidae Gorsachius leuconotus White-backed Night-Heron Global: LC; BLSA: VU 1 1 2008-07-19 Records
37 69 Ardeidae Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-Heron 1 1 2007-01-06 Records
38 422 Bucerotidae Bycanistes (Ceratogymna) bucinator Trumpeter Hornbill 1 1 2016-03-07 Records
39 427 Bucerotidae Tockus alboterminatus Crowned Hornbill 1 4 2022-06-08 Records
40 426 Bucerotidae Tockus leucomelas Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill 1 7 2024-04-18 Records
41 424 Bucerotidae Tockus nasutus African Grey Hornbill 1 3 2023-10-18 Records
42 1508 Bucerotidae Tockus rufirostris Southern Red-billed Hornbill (split) 1 7 2022-04-28 Records
43 430 Bucorvidae Bucorvus leadbeateri (=cafer) Southern Ground-hornbill 1 9 2017-04-06 Records
44 275 Burhinidae Burhinus capensis Spotted Thick-knee (Dikkop) 1 1 2020-11-20 Records
45 274 Burhinidae Burhinus vermiculatus Water Thick-knee (Dikkop) 1 14 2023-10-18 Records
46 513 Campephagidae Campephaga flava Black Cuckooshrike 1 1 2020-11-21 Records
47 4131 Centropodidae Centropus burchellii Burchell's Coucal (split) 1 4 2022-06-08 Records
48 394 Cerylidae Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher 1 17 2023-10-18 Records
49 238 Charadriidae Charadrius tricollaris Three-banded Plover 1 9 2021-09-01 Records
50 246 Charadriidae Vanellus albiceps White-crowned Lapwing (Plover) 1 7 2021-05-24 Records
51 245 Charadriidae Vanellus armatus Blacksmith Lapwing (Plover) 1 8 2024-04-18 Records
52 10033 Charadriidae Hybrid Blacksmith x White-crowned Lapwing Hybrid Blacksmith x White-crowned Lapwing 1 1 2016-12-14 Records
53 14193 Charadriidae Hybrid Blacksmith x Senegal Lapwing Hybrid Blacksmith x Senegal Lapwing 1 1 2016-08-27 Records
54 242 Charadriidae Vanellus coronatus Crowned Lapwing (Plover) 1 3 2022-02-07 Records
55 244 Charadriidae Vanellus lugubris Senegal Lapwing (Plover) 1 2 2017-04-06 Records
56 74 Ciconiidae Anastomus lamelligerus African (Openbilled) Openbill (Stork) 1 1 2018-02-07 Records
57 80 Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconia White Stork 1 1 2015-12-15 Records
58 77 Ciconiidae Ciconia episcopus Woolly-necked Stork 1 11 2023-04-22 Records
59 79 Ciconiidae Ciconia nigra Black Stork Global: LC; BLSA: VU 1 2 2020-11-21 Records
60 75 Ciconiidae Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Saddle-billed Stork Global: LC; BLSA: EN 1 12 2023-10-18 Records
61 73 Ciconiidae Leptoptilos crumeniferus Marabou Stork Global: LC; BLSA: NT 1 11 2022-07-18 Records
62 76 Ciconiidae Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork Global: LC; BLSA: EN 1 1 2019-05-13 Records
63 625 Cisticolidae Apalis flavida Yellow-breasted Apalis 1 3 2019-09-25 Records
64 615 Cisticolidae Calamonastes stierlingi Stierling's Wren-Warbler 1 1 2016-03-07 Records
65 627 Cisticolidae Camaroptera brachyura Green-backed Camaroptera (split) 1 3 2021-05-25 Records
66 642 Cisticolidae Cisticola chiniana Rattling Cisticola 1 10 2024-07-13 Records
67 644 Cisticolidae Cisticola erythrops Red-faced Cisticola 1 1 2009-11-18 Records
68 647 Cisticolidae Cisticola natalensis Croaking (Striped) Cisticola 1 1 2024-07-13 Records
69 649 Cisticolidae Prinia subflava Tawny-flanked Prinia 1 12 2024-04-18 Records
70 390 Coliidae Colius striatus Speckled Mousebird 1 2 2014-03-28 Records
71 316 Columbidae Streptopelia capicola Cape Turtle (Ring-necked) Dove 1 4 2022-02-07 Records
72 317 Columbidae Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing (Palm) Dove 1 2 2024-04-18 Records
73 323 Columbidae Treron calva = T calvus African Green-Pigeon 1 6 2024-07-13 Records
74 321 Columbidae Turtur chalcospilos Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove 1 5 2022-04-28 Records
75 413 Coraciidae Coracias caudata (C. caudatus) Lilac-breasted Roller 1 10 2024-04-18 Records
76 412 Coraciidae Coracias garrulus European Roller Global: LC; BLSA: NT 1 1 2021-01-27 Records
77 415 Coraciidae Coracias naevia (C. naevius) Purple (Rufous-crowned) Roller 1 4 2021-11-06 Records
78 348 Cuculidae Clamator (Oxylophus) jacobinus Jacobin (Pied) Cuckoo 1 4 2021-01-26 Records
79 347 Cuculidae Clamator (Oxylophus) levaillantii Levaillant's (African Striped) Cuckoo 1 2 2021-01-26 Records
80 341 Cuculidae Cuculus gularis African Cuckoo 1 1 2011-11-19 Records
81 345 Cuculidae Pachycoccyx audeberti Thick-billed Cuckoo 1 1 2018-05-20 Records
82 402 Dacelonidae Halcyon albiventris Brown-hooded Kingfisher 1 9 2021-11-06 Records
83 403 Dacelonidae Halcyon chelicuti Striped Kingfisher 1 1 2011-05-12 Records
84 399 Dacelonidae Halcyon senegalensis Woodland Kingfisher 1 5 2021-01-26 Records
85 395 Dacelonidae Megaceryle maxima (H. maximus) Giant Kingfisher 1 6 2024-04-19 Records
86 100 Dendrocygnidae Dendrocygna viduata White-faced (Whistling-) Duck 1 5 2022-04-25 Records
87 517 Dicruridae Dicrurus adsimilis Fork-tailed Drongo 1 7 2024-04-18 Records
88 835 Estrildidae Lagonosticta rhodopareia Jameson's Firefinch 1 2 2022-07-16 Records
89 833 Estrildidae Lagonosticta rubricata African (Blue-billed) Firefinch 1 1 2018-08-08 Records
90 837 Estrildidae Lagonosticta senegala Red-billed Firefinch 1 4 2024-07-13 Records
91 830 Estrildidae Pytilia melba Green-winged (Melba) Pytilia (Finch) 1 2 2022-04-28 Records
92 823 Estrildidae Spermestes cucullata Bronze Mannikin 1 2 2021-05-24 Records
93 839 Estrildidae Uraeginthus angolensis Blue Waxbill 1 4 2022-04-28 Records
94 888 Falconidae Falco concolor Sooty Falcon Global: NT; BLSA: NA 1 1 2016-03-10 Records
95 859 Fringillidae Serinus mozambicus Yellow-fronted (eyed) Canary 1 4 2022-04-28 Records
96 874 Fringillidae Emberiza flaviventris Golden-breasted Bunting 1 2 2022-04-25 Records
97 872 Fringillidae Emberiza tahapisi Cinnamon-breasted (Rock) Bunting 1 1 2019-05-14 Records
98 277 Glareolidae Cursorius temminckii Temminck's Courser 1 1 2015-12-15 Records
99 213 Heliornithidae Podica senegalensis African Finfoot Global: LC; BLSA: VU 1 3 2014-08-07 Records
100 503 Hirundinidae Hirundo abyssinica Lesser Striped-Swallow 1 2 2020-11-22 Records
101 501 Hirundinidae Hirundo semirufa Red-breasted (Rufous-chested) Swallow 1 4 2024-07-13 Records
102 496 Hirundinidae Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Swallow 1 10 2023-10-18 Records
103 443 Indicatoridae Prodotiscus regulus Brown-backed (Sharp-billed) Honeybird (Honeyguide) 1 1 2020-11-20 Records
104 228 Jacanidae Actophilornis africanus African Jacana 1 18 2022-11-16 Records
105 730 Laniidae Eurocephalus anguitimens Southern White-crowned Shrike 1 4 2023-10-19 Records
106 708 Laniidae Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike 1 5 2021-01-26 Records
107 724 Laniidae Urolestes melanoleucus Magpie (Long-tailed) Shrike Least Concern (IUCN ver 3.1) 1 7 2023-10-18 Records
108 533 Leiothrichidae Turdoides jardineii Arrow-marked Babbler 1 2 2020-11-20 Records
109 431 Lybiidae Lybius torquatus Black-collared Barbet 1 4 2022-04-25 Records
110 439 Lybiidae Trachyphonus vaillantii Crested Barbet 1 3 2020-11-21 Records
111 673 Malaconotidae Batis molitor Chinspot Batis 1 7 2024-04-18 Records
112 712 Malaconotidae Dryoscopus cubla Black-backed (Southern) Puffback 1 3 2020-12-22 Records
113 723 Malaconotidae Malaconotus blanchoti Grey-headed Bush-Shrike 1 1 2022-04-25 Records
114 727 Malaconotidae Prionops plumatus White-crested Helmet-Shrike 1 4 2023-04-28 Records
115 728 Malaconotidae Prionops retzii Retz's (Red-billed) Helmetshrike 1 6 2021-05-25 Records
116 714 Malaconotidae Tchagra australis Brown-crowned (headed) Tchagra 1 3 2021-01-26 Records
117 715 Malaconotidae Tchagra senegala Black-crowned Tchagra 1 1 2024-07-13 Records
118 719 Malaconotidae Telophorus sulfureopectus Orange-breasted Bush-Shrike 1 1 2021-05-24 Records
119 409 Meropidae Merops bullockoides White-fronted Bee-eater 1 7 2024-04-18 Records
120 407 Meropidae Merops [nubicus] nubicoides Southern Carmine Bee-eater 1 3 2019-01-30 Records
121 410 Meropidae Merops pusillus Little Bee-eater 1 5 2023-10-18 Records
122 682 Monarchidae Terpsiphone viridis African Paradise-Flycatcher 1 1 2022-04-28 Records
123 692 Motacillidae Anthus cinnamomeus African (Grassveld/Grassland) Pipit 1 1 2017-04-07 Records
124 694 Motacillidae Anthus leucophrys Plain-backed Pipit 1 1 2024-07-13 Records
125 704 Motacillidae Macronyx croceus Yellow-throated Longclaw 1 2 2011-09-12 Records
126 685 Motacillidae Motacilla aguimp African Pied Wagtail 1 7 2021-11-06 Records
127 588 Muscicapidae Cercotrichas (Erythropygia) leucophrys White-browed (Red-backed) Scrub-Robin 1 3 2022-04-28 Records
128 585 Muscicapidae Cercotrichas (Erythropygia) quadrivirgata Bearded Scrub-Robin 1 7 2024-08-02 Records
129 580 Muscicapidae Cossypha heuglini White-browed (Heuglin's) Robin-Chat 1 5 2024-04-18 Records
130 582 Muscicapidae Cossypha humeralis White-throated Robin-Chat 1 2 2021-10-27 Records
131 579 Muscicapidae Cossypha natalensis Red-capped (Natal) Robin-Chat 1 1 2024-07-14 Records
132 664 Muscicapidae Bradornis (Malaenornis) pammelaina Southern Black-Flycatcher 1 3 2021-11-06 Records
133 655 Muscicapidae Muscicapa adusta African Dusky Flycatcher 1 2 2021-01-27 Records
134 656 Muscicapidae Muscicapa caerulescens Ashy Flycatcher (Alseonax) 1 4 2023-04-28 Records
135 654 Muscicapidae Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher 1 1 2016-03-06 Records
136 657 Muscicapidae Myioparus plumbeus Grey Tit-Flycatcher 1 2 2024-07-14 Records
137 573 Muscicapidae Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris Mocking Cliff-Chat 1 1 2020-11-21 Records
138 339 Musophagidae Corythaixoides concolor Grey Go-away-bird (Lourie) 1 5 2022-07-18 Records
139 337 Musophagidae Musophaga porphyreolopha Purple-crested Turaco 1 6 2024-04-18 Records
140 772 Nectariniidae Nectarinia [Chalcomitra] amethystina Amethyst (Black) Sunbird 1 1 2014-06-18 Records
141 774 Nectariniidae Nectarinia [Chalcomitra] senegalensis Scarlet-chested Sunbird 1 2 2022-06-08 Records
142 755 Nectariniidae Nectarinia [Cinnyris] mariquensis Marico Sunbird 1 2 2024-08-02 Records
143 763 Nectariniidae Nectarinia [Cinnyris] talatala White-bellied (breasted) Sunbird 1 6 2022-06-08 Records
144 762 Nectariniidae Nectarinia [Cinnyris] venusta [venustus] Variable (Yellow-bellied) Sunbird 1 1 2022-06-08 Records
145 771 Nectariniidae Anthreptes [Hedydipna] collaris Collared Sunbird 1 7 2022-06-08 Records
146 192 Numididae Numida meleagris Helmeted Guineafowl 1 5 2023-04-28 Records
147 521 Oriolidae Oriolus larvatus Black-headed (Eastern) Oriole 1 3 2021-05-25 Records
148 227 Otididae Eupodotis melanogaster Black-bellied Bustard 1 1 2015-12-15 Records
149 224 Otididae Eupodotis ruficrista Red-crested Korhaan 1 1 2021-11-05 Records
150 527 Paridae Parus niger Southern Black Tit 1 3 2021-01-27 Records
151 4142 Passeridae Passer diffusus Southern Greyheaded Sparrow (split) 1 2 2022-04-25 Records
152 784 Passeridae Passer domesticus House Sparrow 1 2 2021-08-31 Records
153 174 Phasianidae Dendroperdix (Peliperdix) sephaena Crested Francolin 1 7 2022-04-28 Records
154 183 Phasianidae Pternistis natalensis Natal Spurfowl (Francolin) 1 10 2023-08-17 Records
155 185 Phasianidae Pternistis swainsonii Swainson's Spurfowl (Francolin) 1 7 2023-10-18 Records
156 177 Phasianidae Scleroptila shelleyi Shelley's Francolin 1 1 2014-10-28 Records
157 419 Phoeniculidae Phoeniculus purpureus Green (Red-billed) Wood-hoopoe 1 2 2022-11-17 Records
158 447 Picidae Campethera abingoni Golden-tailed Woodpecker 1 2 2021-05-25 Records
159 450 Picidae Dendropicos fuscescens Cardinal Woodpecker 1 1 2024-04-18 Records
160 804 Ploceidae Amblyospiza albifrons Thick-billed (Grosbeak) Weaver 1 1 2007-01-04 Records
161 779 Ploceidae Bubalornis niger Red-billed Buffalo-Weaver 1 1 2020-11-22 Records
162 814 Ploceidae Euplectes albonotatus White-winged Widowbird 1 1 2019-02-06 Records
163 808 Ploceidae Euplectes orix Southern Red (Red) Bishop 1 2 2021-11-06 Records
164 797 Ploceidae Ploceus cucullatus Village (Spotted-backed) Weaver 1 6 2021-11-06 Records
165 792 Ploceidae Ploceus intermedius Lesser Masked Weaver 1 2 2021-11-06 Records
166 791 Ploceidae Ploceus ocularis Spectacled Weaver 1 3 2021-05-25 Records
167 803 Ploceidae Ploceus velatus Southern Masked-Weaver 1 1 2021-11-05 Records
168 805 Ploceidae Quelea quelea Red-billed Quelea 1 3 2020-12-20 Records
169 328 Psittacidae Poicephalus cryptoxanthus Brown-headed Parrot 1 3 2021-10-27 Records
170 551 Pycnonotidae Andropadus importunus Sombre Greenbul (Bulbul) 1 2 2024-08-02 Records
171 550 Pycnonotidae Chlorocichla flaviventris Yellow-bellied Greenbul (Bulbul) 1 1 2021-05-24 Records
172 546 Pycnonotidae Phyllastrephus terrestris Terrestrial Brownbul (Bulbul) 1 2 2024-07-14 Records
173 545 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus tricolor Dark-capped (Black-eyed) Bulbul 1 5 2021-11-06 Records
174 203 Rallidae Amaurornis flavirostris Black Crake 1 11 2023-10-18 Records
175 210 Rallidae Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen 1 1 2014-03-02 Records
176 208 Rallidae Porphyrio madagascariensis African Purple (Purple) Swamphen (Gallinule) 1 1 2023-10-19 Records
177 421 Rhinopomastidae Rhinopomastus cyanomelas Common Scimitarbill 1 1 2019-09-25 Records
178 258 Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper 1 3 2021-11-07 Records
179 253 Scolopacidae Calidris minuta Little Stint 1 1 2020-11-20 Records
180 264 Scolopacidae Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper 1 2 2020-12-22 Records
181 263 Scolopacidae Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank 1 3 2021-11-06 Records
182 72 Scopidae Scopus umbretta Hamerkop 1 12 2022-11-15 Records
183 369 Strigidae Bubo lacteus Verreaux's (Giant) Eagle-Owl 1 2 2017-04-08 Records
184 366 Strigidae Glaucidium capense African Barred Owlet (Owl) 1 2 2021-07-05 Records
185 365 Strigidae Glaucidium perlatum Pearl-spotted Owlet (Owl) 1 1 2019-05-11 Records
186 364 Strigidae Ptilopsis granti Southern White-faced Owl 1 1 2021-07-05 Records
187 14209 Sturnidae FAMILY Sturnidae Starling (unidentified) 1 1 2018-08-08 Records
188 748 Sturnidae Buphagus erythrorhynchus Red-billed Oxpecker 1 12 2023-10-18 Records
189 736 Sturnidae Cinnyricinclus leucogaster Violet-backed (Plum-coloured, Amethyst) Starling 1 4 2020-12-19 Records
190 743 Sturnidae Lamprotornis australis Burchell's Starling 1 13 2023-10-18 Records
191 738 Sturnidae Lamprotornis chalybaeus Greater Blue-eared Starling 1 8 2021-08-31 Records
192 737 Sturnidae Lamprotornis nitens Cape Glossy (Glossy) Starling 1 3 2021-01-26 Records
193 599 Sylviidae Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler 1 1 2014-10-27 Records
194 621 Sylviidae Sylvietta rufescens Long-billed (Cape) Crombec 1 2 2023-04-28 Records
195 84 Threskiornithidae Bostrychia hagedash Hadeda Ibis 1 4 2021-10-27 Records
196 552 Turdidae Turdus libonyanus Kurrichane Thrush 1 4 2024-07-13 Records
197 196 Turnicidae Turnix sylvatica = T sylvaticus Kurrichane (Small) Buttonquail 1 1 2017-04-07 Records
198 359 Tytonidae Tyto alba Barn Owl 1 1 2018-05-20 Records
199 418 Upupidae Upupa africana African Hoopoe 1 3 2017-04-07 Records
200 851 Viduidae Vidua chalybeata Village Indigobird 1 1 2019-12-19 Records
201 846 Viduidae Vidua macroura Pin-tailed Whydah 1 1 2022-02-07 Records
202 852 Viduidae Vidua paradisaea Long-tailed (Paradise) Paradise-Whydah 1 2 2021-07-19 Records

  Total         202 860 2021-11-06*
2020-11-20**
 

* median date of last recorded date
** median date for all records identified to species or subspecies level

Red listing source:
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.iucnredlist.org)


ID pending record(s) for this locus: 0 records

Citation: FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology (2024). Virtual Museum. Accessed at https://vmus.adu.org.za/?vm= on 2024-08-25

[ Page served: August 25, 2024, 12:57 +0200]

The Biodiversity and Development Institute (BDI)
and
The FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology
Department of Biological Sciences - University of Cape Town
 
This work, except photographs, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright of images uploaded into the Virtual Museum remains with the photographers.

The Biodiversity and Development Institute (BDI)          The Biodiversity and Development Institute (BDI)          The FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology          UCT